Reclaim Youth by Understanding How to Beat Arthritis Naturally

With the changing times, it's getting harder and harder to guess people's ages by looking at their faces. Sixty really is the new forty. But the tell tale sign to a person's age is often watching the way they move. Often the older a person gets, the more carefully they walk. Maybe one can detect pain upon opening jars or walking up stairs. And looking at family history provides a window into the possibility that a person might be suffering from the stiffness and pain that accompanies arthritis.

Not everyone who suffers from joint pain and stiffness wants to medicate their problem away. In an age where finding healthy alternatives to every day ailments is more and more desirable, seeking out natural ways to beat arthritis really is the fountain of youth for people who are experiencing discomfort performing even simple activities.

It may surprise arthritis sufferers to learn that there are foods that prevent arthritis from taking the fun out of life. There are also methods that teach a person how to beat arthritis naturally and return the spring to their step - varieties of fruits, herbal treatments, exercises, vitamins and foods that really do exist and really do make a huge difference to people who suffer from the debilitating effects of arthritis.

Maybe a person is doing laundry and feels a sudden knee pain when they are carrying the basket upstairs. Or perhaps they are finding themselves turning over the finer work to younger people. Even hobbies and activities that people enjoy doing for themselves are pushed to the side when the pain and stiffness of arthritis start appearing more and more often. All of these things can restrict activities and take all of the joy out of life for millions of people all over the world.

But it doesn't have to be that way. By eating foods that prevent arthritis from getting a foothold on a person's lifestyle and learning how to beat arthritis naturally, a person can take control of their body, their health and their future without expensive treatments that often have dangerous or unknown side effects. There really are natural ways to treat arthritis and carve out a more enjoyable and healthy daily regimen.

It can be confusing to understand how to beat arthritis naturally. And finding all of the foods that prevent arthritis can mean hours and weeks of research. Wouldn't it be great if all of that information was available in one simple report that would show all of the most effective and proven natural ways to treat arthritis? No more ineffective pills, creams and rubs. No more smelly liniments and ointments.

The end of doctor's visits that cost money and frankly just make a person feel old? There really is such a report. A person should look as young as they feel. And feel as young as they are.

Novel Methods of Injury Rehabilitation: How to Heal Fast Starting From the Bottom Up

With time, we learn. Advancements are made daily, but sometimes the original concept is better. Injury rehabilitation is a great example of both progression and regression. In this article, I will show you when "out with the old, in with the new" is good for lower body rehab, and when it's best to "get rid of the new, and go back to the old!" Here we go...

Treat Ankle Injuries with METH

Let me start by telling you about my experience with METH.

The date: Tuesday July 19, 2011

The place: my backyard

It was a hot summer day, and I decided to finally trim the branches that were rubbing against my shed. I hopped on the fence behind the shed, did what I had to do, then I jumped down. The distance was a little further than I expected, and I ended up rolling my ankle over some river rock.

At first, no pain. A few hours later, lots of pain! There was no time for discomfort, though. I had a slew of training sessions ahead of me. But as the night progressed, so did the swelling and pain! By the time the last person left I could barely move, let alone walk. That's when I took action.

The standard procedure for an injury like this involves anti-inflammatories and pain-killers along with RICE: rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

What did I do?

Almost the exact opposite!

No rest and no compression - I used movement with traction instead. According to Dr. Tim McKnight (2010), rest will lead to atrophy and weakness and may disrupt balance and proper body positioning. Furthermore, compression can shut down blood flow to the area; whereas, traction will release the pressure and movement will encourage blood that is rich with healing factors, such as oxygen and white and red blood cells, to flow to the area. In addition, movement with traction reduces pain, enhances lymphatic removal of inflammation, improves flexibility, and restores normal joint alignment.

Absolutely no ice - I used some moist heat instead. Again, the key is blood flow. If you want something to heal, it requires blood! Do not slow down this process with ice. However, I did use varying degrees of elevation throughout the process. I learned this procedure from Dick Hartzell, co-author of the book Don't Ice that Ankle Sprain. (Keep in mind that this procedure is for grade 1 or 2 sprains only.)

I term this approach METH: movement, elevation, traction, and heat.

Did I take anti-inflammatories and pain-killers? Well, yes and no. I took proteolytic enzymes (natural anti-inflammatories), and I took them by the boatload on an empty stomach.

The end result: no pain and full function the next day, full leg workout 2 days later, and medicine ball circuit at a local soccer field 4 days later. This injury was rehabilitated in mere hours, not days or weeks. I bet you if I used the RICE approach, it would have taken much longer!

Bottom line: Forget RICE, do METH instead to heal injuries fast!

Volume Training for Knee Rehabilitation

Now we'll cover knee injuries, specifically post-surgery rehabilitation of knee injuries... but first let's touch on a topic that is very popular in strength training, volume training.

There are many excellent volume routines out there. One of the most popular systems involves the 10 sets of 10 reps method, like the German Volume Training (GVT) protocol that was introduced in the July 1996 issue of Muscle Media 2000. This type of routine is geared toward rapid and maximum hypertrophy - a lot of size in a short period of time!

Is it a new concept?

Not really. You will see this system scattered among the literature over the decades from various sources. For instance, in a paper originally published in the Russian journal Teoriya i Praktika Fizicheskoi Kultury, authors Vaitesehofsky & Kiselev (1989) discuss a protocol involving 10 sets of 10 pull-ups where the weight is reduced every second set (i.e., additional loading is used to start such as 9kg, then down to 6kg, then 3kg, and then body weight to finish) or the grip is altered in the latter sets to draw new, unfatigued fibers into work. Long-time Ironman contributor George Turner outlined a similar approach in his Real Bodybuilding audiotape series in the nineties.

What does this have to do with injury rehabilitation?

Well, think about it for a second. What are three things you need to reestablish after an injury, especially post surgery? If you said range of motion (ROM), muscle mass and strength, then you are correct. The quicker you can achieve these objectives, the quicker you can return to your activities of daily living and/or athletic endeavors. Intensity initially will be low because strength levels are low (pain and inflammation can inhibit strength), but in order to accomplish your objectives in short order, you must repeat a sufficient stimulus frequently. A volume training routine may fit the bill nicely if it is conducted properly.

You with me so far?

Okay, let's take a Pulp Fiction moment and go off on a tangent.

The Famous DeLorme Scheme

If I asked what the most popular set/rep scheme in strength training is, most people would respond with 3 sets of 10 reps. It seems to be the universal training prescription, but where does it come from?

The concept stems from a 1948 paper by Dr. Thomas DeLorme and Dr. Arthur Watkins where they recommend 3 sets of 10 reps using a progressively heavier weight in the following manner:

Set #1 - 50% of 10 repetition maximum
Set #2 - 75% of 10 repetition maximum
Set #3 - 100% of 10 repetition maximum

In this scheme, only the last set is performed to the limit. The first two sets can be considered as warm-ups. A few years later in their 1951 book Progressive Resistance Exercise, DeLorme & Watkins state: "By advocating three sets of exercise of 10 repetitions per set, the likelihood that other combinations might be just as effective is not overlooked." Still, the majority of trainees today automatically adopt the 3x10 scheme as if it were written in stone.

The Not-So-Famous DeLorme Scheme

Now, let's take a little journey back in time to 1945 when the same Dr. Thomas DeLorme unleashed a powerhouse of a paper titled "Restoration of muscle power by heavy-resistance exercises" published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Back then, far more than 3 sets were recommended per exercise with great results. The clinical observations made on 300 cases showed a "splendid response in muscle hypertrophy and power, together with symptomatic relief", as DeLorme put it. Why change the system then? We'll explore that a little later, but first things first...

The 1945 DeLorme method consisted of 7-10 sets of 10 reps per set for a total of 70-100 repetitions each workout. The weight would start off light for the first set and then get progressively heavier until a 10RM load was achieved. The workouts were short (on average about half an hour), but they were repeated frequently during the week. In GVT, for instance, each body part is trained once in a 5-day period. With the 1945 DeLorme system, the injured body part is trained once a day for 5 days straight! Of course, the difference is due to the direct relationship between intensity and recovery - the greater the intensity, the more recovery is necessary, and vice versa.

If you adopt this approach, will you be sore initially?

Yup!

Will the soreness subside after a week or so?

Yup!

Will you be ecstatic with the improved hypertrophy, strength, mobility, and function after just a few weeks while others are complaining that they can barely move and are in an extreme amount of pain?

Yup!

Now, here is where it is important to read the entire paper and not just the abstract. DeLorme insists that a pulley system (common with most selectorized machines today) must not be used. Instead, use an iron boot, plate-loaded machine, or simply ankle weights to overload the terminal end of knee extension. This method will increase the overload on the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscle, a prime stabilizer of the knee (weakness of this muscle can impair function and cause pain of the knee.)

Of course, there are many ways to skin a cat. Terminal knee extension can be performed as a more "functional" closed kinetic chain (CKC) movement (i.e., standing with a band or cable attachment strapped behind the knee or by performing a low amplitude step-up) rather than the seated, open kinetic chain (OKC) option mentioned previously. However, DeLorme points out that weight-bearing exercises produce symptoms of pain, thickening, and fluid in knee joints that are controlled by weak, atrophied muscles. It may be best to implement CKC movements only after strength is matched in both limbs through the use of non-weight-bearing OKC movements.

Also, many patients are told to stop all activity until the pain goes away. I do not agree! I have talked about this issue many times in the past so I won't dwell on it much further; however, if you feel that you should rest the area, get some treatment here and there, and everything will return to normal, think again! You can do all the soft tissue work in the world to try to break down fibrotic tissue - the muscle will still be weak, atrophied, and hard! If you truly want to make progress, stop "pampering" the muscle and start exercising with progressive resistance. DeLorme makes that quite clear.

Back to the question: Why change from as many as 10 sets to only 3 sets?

This is what DeLorme & Watkins (1948) had to say: "In the initial publications concerning progressive resistance exercise, 70 to 100 repetitions were advocated, the repetitions being performed in 7 to 10 sets with 10 repetitions per set. Further experience has shown this figure to be too high and that in most cases a total of 20 to 30 repetitions is far more satisfactory. Fewer repetitions permit exercise with heavier muscle loads, thereby yielding greater and more rapid muscle hypertrophy."

That sounds reasonable, but before we go on let's establish two relationships:

1. There is an inverse relationship between intensity and volume (i.e., the higher the intensity, the lower the volume, and vice versa).


2. There is an inverse relationship between intensity and frequency (i.e., the higher the intensity, the lower the frequency, and vice versa).

If intensity starts to increase yet the frequency stays the same, something has to give! At a higher intensity, one all-out 10RM set can be performed 5 days a week. It's really only a total of 5 sets spread throughout the entire week. (Yes, I know that there are 3 sets performed each workout, but as mentioned earlier the first two sets are merely warm-ups.) Contrast 5 sets to as many as 50 sets (although not all of those 50 sets are taken to the limit), and you'll quickly realize why the 1948 "3x10" method was considered superior to the 1945 "10x10" method, but hold on a second. DeLorme still experienced quite a bit of success with that original method, and I do believe that it still has merit and can provide a "more satisfactory" result if it is implemented in a specific manner.

Here it goes: If intensity increases and volume stays the same, the variable that must decrease is frequency to allow for sufficient recovery. Using the 10x10 method may in fact be more superior if the frequency is altered as follows:

Stage #1: 5 days a week (Mon, Tues, Wed, Thurs, Fri)
Stage #2: 4 days a week (Mon, Tues, Thurs, Fri)
Stage #3: 3 days a week (Mon, Wed, Fri)
Stage #4: 2 days a week (Mon, Thurs)
Stage #5: 1 day in a 5-7 day period

Now, how long each stage will last will depend on the individual and their injury, but the key is to make progress each week and once that starts to stagnate, it's time for the next stage. Think of it as progressive resistance meets regressive frequency! By Stage #5, muscle strength, mass and ROM should be back to normal - this is the frequency used in most volume training routines.

Try this new twist to the original concept introduced by Dr. DeLorme over 60 years ago.

Here are some take-home points:

• Read an entire study not just the abstract, and as much as possible check the references.


• The 10 sets of 10 reps method is by no means a new method, nor is it meant strictly for bodybuilders. This form of volume training may be an excellent way to rehabilitate an injury.


• The primary objective during injury rehabilitation is to restore muscle strength, hypertrophy and range of motion. Endurance training can be counterproductive to these objectives and should only be implemented when strength of the limbs involved are approximately equal.


• During injury rehabilitation, pursue active (not passive) treatment with the use of progressive resistance exercises conducted at regular intervals with maximum effort.

Captain Thomas L. DeLorme, M.D., a renowned orthopedic surgeon at Massachusetts General Hospital, developed some novel methods to speed up the rehabilitation of injured soldiers during World War II. A true pioneer in the strength game, Dr. DeLorme passed away on June 14, 2003 at the age of 85, but his concept of progressive resistance exercise lives on today.

References available upon request.

Spinal Fusion Options - Roads to Recovery

Spinal fusion has become a very common surgical procedure in the United States over the past 10 years. There are many diagnoses that range from fractures of the spine to severe degenerative disc disease that prevent patients from being able to stand or walk are best treated with a surgical remedy. This article is intended to provide a basic review of the many spinal fusion options that are available. It is best to talk to a fellowship-trained spine surgeon who will be able to give you a complete picture of all of the devices available that are recognized for quality and reliability or to help you rule out those that are not recommended.

As the number of spinal fusions has increased, the variety of procedures and hardware alternatives that are available has also increased. It may be easier to understand why there are so many types of fusions if you consider how fractures need to be fixed with fusion. With broken bones, there is usually little question about the wisdom of providing casts or plates and screws to stabilize bones that need to be realigned or stabilized. Spinal fusion provides the same stability for the spine as is used for other fractured bones. What is a spinal fusion? Screws and rods in the spine are used to keep bones from moving as the bone graft that is placed allows the stabilized bones to form a connection across a previously mobile disc space. The growth of bone between 2 previously mobile bones is called fusion.

Standard fusion technique: Initially, fusion of the vertebral bones was done by laying bone graft between the bones, to provide a scaffolding across which the native bone cells could grow. As the patient's bone cells move across the bone graft, they are able to incorporate the bone graft into the patient's own bone structure, forming a complete connection called a fusion. Bone graft is of primary importance in allowing the vertebral bones to fuse across a previously mobile segment. Studies of patient's with fusions done with bone graft alone have shown a relatively good rate of incorporation when patients are placed in back braces for 3 months or more. Because of the inconvenience and discomfort of the bracing, pedicle screws and rods have been added to provide an internal support that obviates the need for external supports. Internal screws and rods have increased successful fusion rates, as well as allowed patients to become mobile very quickly after the spinal fusion.

Interbody fusion cages: As the skill of the surgeon's has grown when applying screws and rods to the spine, we have, in turn, looked for better ways to gain improved results. Now, we are able to put bone graft around the back of the spine, as well as into the disc spaces. With these improved grafting methods, we are able to safely access the lumbar disc from the back of the spine. Adding bone graft to the disc increases the surface area for healing and should improve the overall success rate of the spinal fusion. Interbody grafting can be done from several different approaches, as access to the disc space can be achieved from multiple directions.

XLIF: This acronym stands for extreme lateral interbody fusion. XLIF is a newer device designed to provide a carrier for bone graft and support to the disc space. It is placed through an incision on the patient's flank. By making an incision on the patient's side, the abdominal contents can be moved out of the way for a good view of the spine. Unfortunately, there are some significant nerves in the front of the spine that are very sensitive to being moved. This type of access to the spine can lead to weakness in one leg because of the sensitivity of these nerves. At this time, there are no long-term studies that demonstrate success of this procedure.

AxiaLif: This is another fusion device that has received some attention, due to its being touted as the "least invasive spine fusion". This device is placed across the lowest disc space by access from the front of the sacrum (a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine, inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones). By placing instruments through a small incision near the rectum towards the spine, the disc is accessed through a series of cannulas (hollow surgical tubes) and drills. This allows the disc material to be removed from the disc space. After the disc material is removed, bone grafting can be placed into the hole that is created. This disc space is then supported by a tapered screw placed into the bones. So far, this device has had minimal post-surgical study and is most likely best done in conjunction with standard screw and rod fusion techniques.

Flexible Rods: There has been some recent excitement around rod and screw systems that are so-called "non-fusion" fusion devices. This confusing name infers that, although the intent of the screws and rods is for the bones to not move, these devices are designed to allow some movement. As was discussed earlier in this article, fusion is the solid connection of bones that had previously moved. The idea of these flexible rods is to provide "enough" stability to allow the bones to fuse together, but not enough to change the forces in the spine. This is termed a "soft-fusion". At this point, there is no consensus as to how much or how little support is needed to achieve this goal. It is known that current screw and rod systems provide enough support to allow a fusion to occur while providing complete immobility of the vertebrae. Other than this complete connection, the amount of support less than complete immobility has not been defined and at this point is still under investigation.

Disc Replacement: Disc replacement was developed as an alternative to fusion and is suggested for those discs that have ruptured, but in which the bone structure is still good. If only the disc has gone bad, removal of the disc leaves a space that we normally fill with bone graft to promote fusion in the neck or lower back. With the development of the disc replacement, the space that is left from disc removal can be filled with a device that allows motion, rather than fusion. This is a complete reversal in the approach to disc removal; from complete immobility to complete mobility. Disc replacement is intended to maintain the motion in the spine. This reconstruction of the spine should maintain the forces across the discs in the spine to prevent the other discs from deteriorating any more rapidly than their normal degenerative process. Disc replacement in the lumbar spine has met with some success in well-selected patients. It has not been a panacea for all patients with low back pain or degenerative disc disease. Disc replacement in the cervical spine has had good success, as most neck fusions are done for bad discs with the bones being in good condition.

Improved training, including advanced specialty training in fellowship programs, as well as improved implants, has decreased most surgical procedure times to 2 hours or less. Historically, older techniques have been known to take 4-6 hours for the operation alone. By decreasing operative times, surgeons have seen decreased complications from the anesthesia, as well as decreased risks of infection and blood loss. Most surgeries under 2 hours will not require a blood transfusion.

A well-informed patient, who understands the benefits and the risks of their surgery, can fully participate in the choices that need to be made about their surgery. If you have been told that you need a spine fusion, ask questions and do your research. It is appropriate to ask your surgeon about their experience performing spinal fusions, how many of the fusion procedures they perform, how long the operation will take and the likelihood of needing a blood transfusion. Selecting a well-qualified surgeon can help ensure the best outcome for you and the success of your spinal fusion.

Arthritis in Hands: Best Treatment for Rheumatoid and Osteoarthritis

There are two main types of arthritis in hands, rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.

Rheumatoid is the most disabling while osteoarthritis is the more common.

Rheumatoid Arthritis in Hands

This type of arthritis specifically targets the synovium tissue. These are the cells that lubricate the joints in the fingers that when this disease kicks in, they swell up forcing the ligaments and tendons supported by the joints to deform and weaken.

Most prevalent in the knuckles and wrist, the bone and cartilage will begin to decay making them feel hot and sore, and rheumatoid arthritis in the hands tends to be symmetric- therefore if one hand's affected so will the other.

Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis in Hands

This disease is to date incurable so your only means of fighting it is to slow its progression.

Treated on a number of fronts, it's a collaboration with your rheumatologist, hand therapist, hand surgeon and your primary care physician.

The rheumatologist will advise you of which particular medicine to take while monitoring you along the way, with your hand therapist instructing you on the movements that will relieve stress and pressure on the joints and advising you of ways to protect them.

They may also provide splints or devices to help you cope better with certain activities.

Surgery in certain cases may be advised. This can involve removing new bone known as "spurs", extracting nodules, joint fusion and removing inflamed tissue.

Osteoarthritis in Hands

Like osteoarthritis that occurs in the cartilage of hip and knee joints, it is the deterioration of the cartilage - the protein that helps support the connection between the two bone endings in the joint - that inflames the bones causing them to grind and occasionally form spurs.

These spurs can sometimes become dislodged and surgery may be required, but this more often occurs in larger joints.

In the case of the hands, referred to as Herbenden's node, early development of this can be detected by the visual appearance of the smallest joint at the end of each finger looking knobby.

These knobs - or nodes - can also begin to take shape in the middle joint, known as Bouchard's node and while the development of these nodes may not be that painful, they may restrict the fingers movements.

If however there is some discomfort the following treatment may be prescribed:

Treating Osteoarthritis in Hands:

Troubling little pains in the joints of the fingers can be dealt with through one or a combination of methods.

NSAID's or prescription anti-inflammatory drugs and pain relieving medications may be prescribed, but these may put you at risk if they are being used long-term, as the jury's still out over the affect they have on the liver, kidney and heart, so don't be afraid to seek a second opinion if these are prescribed.

The preferred treatment now however is using a combination of medications.

Glucosamine, Chondroitin, Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and/or natural food supplements which include capsaicun, omega-3, reishi and tongkat ali, combined with topical creams and cold/heat pads are argued to provide a much safer, sustainable, natural and more effective treatment plan, and most of which can be bought over the counter - OTC - and/or online.

How to Get Your Cheating Husband Back - Knock His Socks Off With This Tempting Trick

Want to know how to get your cheating husband back? There are many options that are available to you but few will carry quite the weight of this tempting trick that is sure to knock his socks off. Just remember you have to read all the way to the very end and watch the video in the link at the bottom to get the full effect.

Show Him What He'll be Missing

Chances are good that things haven't been all that great in your relationship for a while if your husband is cheating on you. If you want to get your cheating husband back you're going to have to make a few changes that are designed to get his attention.

Actions always speak louder than words so be sure that you're showing him and not trying to tell him how great things can be for you both as well as your marriage, if he decides to come back to you.

Here are just a few small things you can do to show him exactly what he'll be missing with the other woman.

1. Dress for success. You know the kinds of clothes he likes to see you wear. It's time to dust off the sexy little numbers you reserve for special occasions and make every day a special occasion for the sake of your marriage.


2. Turn up the charm. You remember how you used to listen to every single word your husband said with rapt attention? It's time to go back to that time. Flatter him, hang on his every word, and give him every reason in the world to believe that you are head over heels in love with him. In time, you just might remember what that felt like for you too.


3. Sex sells but only when you use it right. Sex appeal sells even more. Sex should never be used as a weapon in marriage. It's something that should be willingly shared between the two of you. Of course, it doesn't hurt to tempt and tease when you're trying to get his attention. Just be wary of implying promises you have no intention of keeping or it could derail all your careful effort.


4. Create a sense of anticipation in your household. Let him drool a little. Create an atmosphere of passion but don't give in and give him what he wants until you get what you want too. Sex shouldn't be a weapon but that doesn't mean it can't be a powerful tool.

How to Recover Faster From Surgery

I am often asked by patients who are about to undergo surgery what they can do to help recover faster afterwards. The following tips will help nearly every type of surgery under anesthetic:

• Going into hospital means you will be vulnerable to infection as you will be surrounded by ill people. I always say that you have to be very fit to go into hospital. If you have some warning of the date of the operation you can start to take Elderberry tincture daily. This is available from herbalists and some health shops. Take 20 drops in a small amount of warm water at least once a day and up to three times a day. This is a very safe remedy and will not interact with any drugs and will give your immune system a good boost.


• If you are having something like a knee or hip replacement try to be as active as possible beforehand. Swim regularly if you can or try to walk a little (obviously this may be difficult if you have severe pain).


• On the whole you will probably not get much notice before the date of the surgery and may not be able to do all this. Therefore, as soon as you do receive the date start taking homoeopathic Arnica 30C potency. Take two tablets three times a day. If possible do this for two days but even some 24 hours beforehand will help reduce internal bruising and pain. Take this without water and between meals. Once the operation is over take it for a further week.


• For those of you worried about MRSA get yourself a small spray bottle (30--50ml size), beauty shops sell these. Fill with spring water and add 10 drops of Tea Tree essential oil. Give this a shake before use and spray on the hospital locker daily as well as in the air around the bed.


• Do take pain relief when offered it by hospital staff. Surgery is painful and there is no merit in being a martyr.


• You will be encouraged to move around by the nurses early on after the surgery. This is much better for you than staying in bed and helps prevent complications such as pneumonia.


• If you take any natural blood thinners, such as Vitamin E, garlic or Gingko Biloba, stop these. Unless you are having emergency surgery you will have some warning of the operation. So if you have been given a date approximately six weeks on stop the supplements a month before. Recommence them a month after surgery. Incidentally, if you are on aspirin or warfarin you should not be taking additional supplements that thin the blood.

By doing all the above you will feel more confident about the operation and your stay in hospital and recover much quicker.

The Chinese Martial Art of San Shou

The nation of China is one of the world's oldest civilizations and its history is as diverse as it is long. There are hundreds of dialects, traditions, and beliefs that a population in an excess of over a billion share. Needless to say China doesn't just have one martial art despite attempts by the Chinese government to nationalize martial art arts.

Because of China's rich martial arts heritage the government and China's military did not need to create a style of hand to hand combat from scratch, but rather formalize one of China's many native fighting methods. While many forms of Kung Fu have been turned into performance art San Shou or Sanshou still keeps the combat in combat martial arts, and can easily turn deadly.

In competition San Shou a variety of techniques can be used by fighters, but while early matches were barehanded with few safety precautions in today's matches athletes use a host of protective equipment though there are some exceptions. A fighter may punch or kick an opponent's legs, head, and body to score points, and sometimes knee strikes are allowed if the rule set referred to as "San Da" is in use. Throws and takedowns are another way to score points, and Judo and wrestling throws can be used in matches. Competitions can be held in either in boxing ring or on the traditional lei tai a raised platform where it is actually possible to knock your opponent off the platform with a strike or a throw to achieve a win.

One thing martial arts have done over time has been to promote cultural understanding, and provide friendly competition. The more you learn about someone else's culture the less chance there is for fear which can breed hate which in turn can lead to real violence. Though not as popular as other forms San Shou it isn't just practiced in China and some techniques have been adopted by Muay Thai and mixed martial artists for competition, because San Shou includes several different strikes and throws. Also from a practical standpoint the more you know about someone else's style the more prepared you will be for combat. While China's civilians are only taught the sport version of San Shou some practitioners who train in secret teach a more lethal form, but the military would learn the hard way just how important close combat training is on the battlefield.

After losing the Korean war to the United States and other allied nations the Chinese military took a hard look at what they were teaching their troops and among issues dealt with was hand to hand combat. Army chief Peng Dehuai consulted martial artists from every providence in China and had veterans and medical experts evaluate their style's effectiveness. The new system had to be simplistic, direct, and effective again larger stronger opponents. After thoroughly testing the system in training camps the first Sanshou manual would be published by the military in 1963, and the new training would be employed against Soviet troops using Sambo during border skirmishes.

Now if you have ever been in a real fight where you don't know your attacker's intentions you have to assume the worst, so you use the most brutal self defense techniques you know and the same goes for San Shou. Biting, join attacks, head butts, and strikes to areas like the groin, knees, and spine are all band in competition, but they're encouraged in self defense and military training. So if you find yourself dealing with hostile Chinese soldiers don't think for a moment that they don't know how to fight. Wushu might be more popular, San Shou is much more brutal.

ACL Surgery - The Cost of a Knee Reconstruction

Be prepared! When you commit yourself to having ACL Reconstruction Surgery, one of the things you most definitely need to know up front is what it will cost you. That is, how much your wallet or bank account will suffer. Though it is always helpful to view this sort of knee treatment as an investment and view it as a way of avoiding more costs down the track if you do nothing.

For those that have been diagnosed with a torn ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament), the options are somewhat limited given that the cruciate ligament is one of the main ligaments in the knee joint and provides most of the knee's stability. And if it is completely torn, unfortunately it won't heal and it can't be repaired.

In the case of most ordinary people who are not rolling in money, the investment in major knee treatment is really important to know. And to be perfectly honest, you really don't find out all of this up front before you commit to having your knee surgery. What you need to find out is a breakdown of the major items of surgery or rehabilitation, what the full costs will be for each, what your out of pocket expenses are (after Medicare or Private Health Insurance rebates), and what the potential cost range could be - depending on your surgeon, other medical specialists, and level of health insurance.

Here is a list of the things that will cost you money if you go ahead and have a knee reconstruction:

1. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Scans and X-rays before ACL surgery


2. Orthopaedic Surgeon Consultations


3. ACL Reconstruction Surgery


4. Surgical Assistant


5. MRI in the hospital after Knee Surgery


6. Hospital Costs


7. Anaesthetist


8. Physiotherapy Treatment and Rehabilitation (eg. Gym, Massages)


9. Medicines (eg. Painkillers, Anti-inflammatory tablets or Cream)


10. Equipment - eg. Knee Brace, Running Shoes

Most of these are unavoidable, many are necessary to ensure full recovery, and ALL these things can add up to a significant amount of money that comes out of your pocket. Be prepared!

Knee Liposuction Recovery Time - How Quick Can a Person's Body Heal?

Numerous individuals get liposuction while not actually recognizing what they are getting themselves into. For some individuals, liposuction is akin to some type of fad diet that they need to get so they can rid themselves of some unwanted fat.

Unfortunately, liposuction is a lot more complex than that. As a matter of fact, knee liposuction recovery time might take roughly a month. For other individuals, knee liposuction recovery time might even be longer than that. You need to realize that liposuction is an invasive type of procedure that taxes a persons body.

Because a persons body suffers due to the physical stress when the procedure is happening, it requires time to recover. Luckily, you might already notice some decent results form the this type of procedure even prior to the end of a standard knee liposuction recovery time. The swelling as well as the bruising in the section of the incision typically lessens within roughly 7-10 days so you will already have a little idea on what your legs will appear like when they are totally healed up from the procedure.

Recovering from Knee Liposuction

Knee liposuction recovery time might change depending on the person. It is significant to note that some individuals heal at a much faster rate compared to others. Additionally, with the right type of post treatment, knee liposuction recovery time might be cut down to a minimum. To assist the body in healing quicker after liposuction, physicians firmly wrap the area that is treated to lessen the pain, swelling and bruising.

In the case of knee liposuction, the physician might advise total bed rest for a few days to help the healing process. It is important to note that the knees bear the brunt of a persons weight so it is crucial that you need to remain in bed to stay away from stressing your knees.

You do not actually want to prolong your knee liposuction recovery time by subjugating your knees to any unnecessary stress. If you want to move around in the first few days after a procedure like knee liposuction, it is best to utilize a wheelchair or a cane. To the greatest extent possible, try and keep the weight off of your knees to help facilitate the healing process.

If you have had a tumescent liposuction on one of your knees, fluid might persist in draining from the point of incision for a few days. A situation like this might be pretty uncomfortable. In addition, the fluid might draw in bacteria that can result in an infection to the area of incision.

To make sure that your knee liposuction recovery time doesn't go over the normal healing time; make sure to keep the area of incision sterile and clean at all times. If you utilize some special type of bandage to wrap your legs, on a regular basis make sure you change the dressing. You should not allow the bandage to become soaked in your own fluids since this might trigger an infection. You might also want to discuss with your physician in regards to taking antibiotics to lessen the chance of infection. Discuss any care and treatments with your doctor first.

Acupuncture Arthritis Knee Ankle Pain Can Heal

There are many different treatments for arthritis. If you are interested in trying some alternative forms of therapy, try acupuncture arthritis knee ankle pain. Acupuncture can be a very effective method of treatment for all forms of arthritis pain, including rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. It has been shown by scientific studies to be particularly effective when it comes to knee and ankle based pain.

What is Acupuncture?

Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese medical procedure in which certain points of the body are stimulated. American acupuncture incorporates a number of different cultures processes. The whole idea originated more than two thousand years ago, but it became well known in the seventies in the United States. Most Asian countries, including China, Japan, and Korea have their own forms of this helpful procedure. For many, acupuncture arthritis knee ankle pain procedures are quite helpful. The most studied, and most practiced form of acupuncture in the United States involves first a massage of the affected area, then the joint in question in penetrated with thin, solid needles made of metal.

Who Can Use Acupuncture?

You do not need an arthritis diagnosis to need acupuncture help. Because most acupuncturists are not licensed doctors, you will not even need to consult your insurance company, as most do not pay for alternative therapies like this one. If you want some names of good acupuncturists in your area, check with your doctor or your herbalist. They should be able to refer you to competent professionals. Be sure to check your acupuncturist's credentials, as there are some good national acupuncture organizations that may help narrow your search. You may be able to find some websites that list these acupuncturists in your area. Remember that your acupuncturist is not a doctor, so they cannot offer you a diagnosis for your joint pain. They can only offer you pain relief.

For more information on other forms of alternative therapy for your arthritis pain, whether it is in you knee or ankle joints, see some of the other articles on this site.

Osteoarthritis Knee - Are We Being Overdiagnosed?

Patients with knee pain now comprise of at least 30 percent of Orthopaedic practice in urban population. The clinical presentation varies from subtle knee pain arising after activity to severe incapacitating pain which limits the activity of an individual to household.

Osteoarthritis Knee usually affects men and women in their fifties or sixties. It has a genetic predisposition, but more important factors are excessive weight, lack of exercise, sedentary lifestyle, previous trauma. The importance of weight reduction and regular activity can not be over-emphasized. Most patients offer pain as the limiting factor in their willingness to comply with the physiotherapy and exercise regimen.

Osteoarthritis develops due to progressive loss in the cartilage layer of the articular surface, mediated by chemical markers like Interleukins; and by lack of glycoproteins in the synovial fluid. Gradually, the two articular surfaces come in contact with each other, and the pathology migrates from a chemical to purely mechanical one.

Radiographs serve an important role in diagnosis. Loss of joint space and formation of osteophytes makes for an easy diagnosis.

The treatments offered for Osteoarthritis knee vary from- Physiotherapy/ Analgesics/ Bracing - to Arthroscopy- to Knee Replacement.

Early Osteoarthritis knee wherein the joint space is still preserved, and there is minimal osteophyte formation; can be successfully managed with painkillers and Supplementation of Inflammtory marker inhibitors. The role of Glycosaminoglycans is debatable.

In patients who present with moderate to severe pain, there is limited role of Arthroscopic joint lavage; wherein the joint is entered via two small 1 cm incisions, and the interior is visualized with a camera. this offers a short term relief, but provides a good alternative for patients who are medically unfit to undergo major operations.

Patients with severe arthritis, are usually offered Joint Replacement as a definitive solution. The most important factor in the success of a knee replacement is good patient selection. A patient with good compliance for physiotherapy and having a knee pain which is substantially limiting his quality of life is a good candidate for surgery.

The availability of technology has made knee replacement one of the commonly performed surgeries in Orthopaedic practice. The options include a Unicondylar knee Replacement or a Total Knee Replacement. The former is advocated for patients with a single compartment involvement, and those with mild deformities. Total knee Replacement is offered for a bi- or tri- compartmental arthritis.

The technical options among the various types of Knee replacement implants include- (a) Cruciate Substituting, (b) Cruciate retaining. The former involve resection of the Anterior Cruciate ligament and substitution by an inbuilt mechanism in the implant design. The latter involves retention of the Anterior Cruciate ligament. Rotating platform designs are also popular these days.

The important judgment regarding the various types depends on the status of knee deformity, and the functional status of ligaments.

Total Knee replacement is one of the commonly performed surgeries today. The note of caution need to be exercised both on the part of the patient and the treating surgeon to restrain the influence of market forces in making the correct judgment. Total knee replacement offers significant improvement in the patient's status, provided the selection criteria are strictly adhered to. A few complications that need special mention include- Deep vein thrombosis, Pulmonary Embolism, Infection, Implant Loosening.

Wearing Supportive Braces With Joint Pain

If you suffer from joint pain and stiffness, you may be inclined to wear a brace to help stabilize the joint. Joints damaged by age or overuse may become weakened and stiff during everyday activities. A supportive brace may help alleviate this pain and stiffness throughout your busy day. Whether it's inflammation from an injury or arthritis, braces can offer patients a reprieve from the pain and stiffness.

What Are They?

A supportive brace is just as it sounds. It is a contraption that you wrap around the weakened joint which lends support and aid to the joint. There are many types of braces for such pain, such as a knee brace, ankle brace and the like. Generally the brace will have a type of restriction which keeps the joint in perfect alignment and can ease the pain associated with overused joints. For example, a knee brace can lend support to a weakened knee joint, realign the joint so that it is in proper alignment with the hip and back, and help ease the pain of misalignment.

If you have an injury to a joint, bracing it can help speed up the process of healing, by keep the joint in proper alignment. Braces with strong support are frequently utilized by individuals who have experienced some trauma to a joint, like overuse or sprains. For this, supportive braces can strengthen the muscles and ligaments associated with the injured joint by essentially acting as a second muscle group, keeping the injured muscles from experiencing additional trauma.

For those who suffer from arthritis, supportive braces can increase motility of the damaged joint and in some case, relieve the pain associated with the condition. Often arthritic braces act as an insulator, applying heat to the afflicted joint to reduce pain by keeping it warm. Neoprene sleeve are a common type of arthritic supportive braces. The neoprene sleeve can insulate and thereby help alleviate joint pain from arthritis.

Should I Just Go Get One?

As with any medical condition, it is always advisable to seek medical treatment for any injury or disorder. If you have joint pain, you may have a more serious arthritic condition which may require surgery. Minor injuries do not always require a supportive brace and in fact supportive braces can do more harm than good if worn inappropriately. This is why it is important to consult a physician before wearing a supportive brace. Only a physician can affirm whether a supportive brace is the right choice for you.

7 Easy Tips to Help You Select a Djembe

1. Djembe Size

Sometimes, people looking for their first djembe will buy the smallest, most inexpensive drum they can find and expect to become a professional player in no time. Please do not make this mistake! Smaller djembes are fantastic for children, but as an adult player you should opt for a djembe with at least a 9"-10" playing surface diameter and a 19"-20" height. Your hands need room to learn all the different striking techniques and trying to play a djembe that is significantly too small will work against you. For many players, the most comfortable djembe playing position, is seated in a chair, with feet planted on the floor and the djembe lifted slightly off the ground while anchored between feet and knees. In this position, the drum will ideally rise about 2-3 inches above your knees (if much lower, your knees will be obstacles while striking and if much higher, your arms will be raised uncomfortably high while striking). A djembe with a 24" height and a 11"-12" playing surface is most commonly recommended for adult players.

2. Djembe Drum Materials and Construction

Traditional djembes are made from a single piece of wood (ie mahogany, lenke, etc) and range from Intermediate/Jammer to Professional level (Please note these categorizations refer to djembe construction quality rather than player skill level) and come in a variety of sizes. Most wooden djembes are rope-tuned and commonly have goat skin heads. Many players like wooden djembes for their warm, rich tones in addition to their traditional hand-carved look.

Djembes can also be constructed of synthetic materials, such as Fiberglass djembes. Fiberglass djembes often have a more amplified, resonating tone with deeper bass. As a result, many players prefer these while performing so the djembe can be heard among other instruments. Players also like fiberglass djembes for their extreme durability and light-weight. These qualities make for an ideal traveler's djembe.

With that said, you should select the djembe best suited for your preferences and lifestyle. If you're a person who like a lot of bass or may be traveling frequently with your djembe, you may want to consider a fiberglass djembe. If you like warm, full tones and a traditional hand-carved look, you should consider a wooden djembe.

3. Environmentally Friendly Djembe

It's very important to consider the wood source of your djembe. Is the wood used to make the djembe "Lacey Act" compliant? Purchasing items made from illegal wood is extremely harmful to the ecosystems of the world at large, and provides much more detriment to Mother Nature than the rhythms you play on drums carved from it will ever benefit you as a player.

Whichever company you buy from, please make sure the wood used is Lacey Act compliant, sustainably harvested. Never buy from a company that can't back this up. If a drum sounds too cheap, it probably is. Particularly on eBay you will see knock-off carvings of drums that appear similar to legitimate products, but are made from illegally harvested wood. Not only are these drums inferior in quality, they're also leaving behind an ecological footprint that is unsustainable.

4. Djembe Head

Most wooden djembes have goat skin heads. Jammer style wooden djembes have treated goat skin heads, and professional wooden djembes have untreated goat skin heads, providing for better tonal range and increased bass.

Many fiberglass drums also have goat skin heads, but more often than not, they will come equipped with a synthetic head. If you decide to select a synthetic-headed djembe, keep in mind that not all synthetic heads are created equal! Some synthetic heads consist of a harder plastic, resulting in a very tinny sounding drum. Other synthetic heads have a more realistic, malleable feel.

Fiberglass Drums made by the brand, "Freedom Drums," have FiberSkin synthetic heads, which look and feel very similar to goat skin, but maintain their tune much longer, which brings us to the next point...

5. Djembe Tuning

There are two types of tuning systems; Key-Tuned Djembes and Rope-Tuned Djembes. Key-tuned djembes are typically synthetic and include a tuning wrench which enables you to tighten the lugs around the djembe head and in turn make the skin stretch tighter over the head. Key-Tuned djembes are slightly more convenient for the beginner, however you will sacrifice a slight amount of sound quality, as a rope-tuning system holds the skin in place a little tighter.

Tuning a rope-tuned djembe involves a process called the "Mali Weave" which is the process of weaving the extra tuning rope around the djembe head in a diamond pattern, thus creating tighter tension on the skin. The Mali Weave is actually much easier than it looks, and something you should eventually learn as a player. There are many helpful resources and djembe tuning videos across the internet that demonstrate how to tune a rope-tuned djembe drum. If you're willing to learn this relatively simple process, you will find owning a rope-tuned djembe drum quite rewarding. With regards to tuning frequency, this is largely dependent on the conditions in which you store your djembe and your sound preferences. If you would like your djembe to maintain its tune longer, it's best to keep it indoors and in a case. If you prefer a tighter sound, you'll probably find that you want to tune it more often.

6. Djembe Tuning Rope

This is a very important factor to consider if you've decided to select a rope-tuned djembe. Just like djembe heads, not all djembe tuning rope is created equal. Low quality rope on a djembe can truly make an otherwise excellent drum sound sub par. When selecting a rope-tuned djembe, make sure that the rope used is internally braided and non-stretch. This allows the tuning to stay in place. If the rope used is stretchy and more similar to twine, all the work you put into tuning it will be for naught, and you will find yourself with a drum that sounds forever out-of-tune. Ideally, the rope will be made from nylon or polyester material, will be between 4 and 5 mm in width, and will not twist or spiral.

7. Djembe Cost

As mentioned earlier, it's important not to select the smallest, cheapest djembe you can find and expect a great-performing instrument. With that said, however, it is still possible to get a high-quality djembe without breaking your budget.

For players not so concerned with aesthetic imperfections such as minor dents, scratches, small areas filled in with wood glue, slight skin discoloration, etc, there are additional opportunities to save big without sacrificing performance or sound quality. The beginner player will often find that their instrument may become slightly scuffed during the playing process anyway, so it can benefit you to receive or ask about discounts on blemished djembes.

Everything You Know About Knee Therapy Is Wrong

A few years ago there was an article written in Men's Health Magazine titled "Everything You Know About Muscle Is Wrong." by Christopher McDougall

The article talks in detail about what scientists have discovered as being the secret to healing long time sports injuries, improving posture, and building a stronger, faster more athletic body is actually hidden within you.

What essentially they are talking about is the patterns that develop in the connective tissue of the body. Just think of the ruts in an old dirt road that no matter how you try to drive your tires still end up in the ruts...

Connective tissue also know as fascia surrounds our muscles, organs and bones. This connective tissue or fascia is what needs to begin to change in order for knee therapy to be permanent and long lasting. So back to the comparison of the ruts in the dirt road, if the ruts are not smoothed out you are always going to fall back into the old patterns in your body.

So what does this article have to do with your knee pain and how does it tie into your knee therapy?

Well I'm glad you asked!

The patterns your body takes on as a result of a long time period of stress, trauma or injury are functional patterns for the stress, trauma, or injury however these same patterns become dysfunctional when they continue to present problems for your body resulting in chronic knee pain.

The key is to begin doing your knee therapy exercises slowly and with conscious awareness. The more awareness you bring to the table the more your mind is able to connect with that part of your body, namely your knees and begins to re-pattern the dysfunctional tension patterns in your body reducing the pressure going to your knees.

One drawback on the article is it only covers how to actively re-pattern these dysfunctional tension patterns through modalities of body work like Rolfing and Feldenkrais. At the end of the article they also talk about how doing this yourself can take a very long time...

This is partially true however there is a much easier and much quicker form of knee therapy I refer to as "passive stretching" that I cover in my Virtual Knee Pain Clinic. This approach works with the tension in the nervous system that builds up as a result of the body tensing up to protect itself. By teaching our body to understand what comfort is you avoid the entire tension mechanism and allow your body to "reset" itself.

When your nervous system is reset...It is much easier to go in and do the slow controlled knee therapy exercises that hold longer with better faster results...

Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Aromatherapy

To help reduce inflammation, try drinking ginger-castor oil tea daily at bedtime.

Chiropractic

Although chiropractic cannot do a lot to turn back the clock, it can prevent progression of the disease. Specific chiro practic adjustment (SCA) can help patients with rheumatoid arthritis by increasing joint flexibility, decreasing swelling in the joint areas and joint capsules, and decreasing fluid accumulation that results from arthritic changes. For example, if the patient's hands are affected, care includes SCA of the affected joints, moist heat application, and hot water soaks with Epsom salts to promote mobility. In some cases, care may include paraffin (hot wax) baths.

Herbal Therapy

Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis have many similarities, including herbal remedies. However, there are some subtle variations. For rheumatoid arthritis, take a combination tincture of meadowsweet, willow bark, black cohosh, prickly ash, celery seed, nettle' wild yam, and valerian to help temper arthritis symptoms. To make the blend, mix equal amounts of the tinctures; take 1 teaspoonful of the mixture 3 times daily. The blend is safe and can be taken for a period of time. (See also "Osteoarthritis" entry.)

Herbal products are available in health food stores and in some pharmacies and supermarkets. Follow package for specific directions.

Traditional Chinese Medicine

Acupuncture To treat rheumatoid arthritis, which commonly affects the wrists, knees, shoulders, ankles, and elbows-acupuncturists may focus on the heart, kidney, back of head, and internal secretion points. They may also target any points that are associated with the afflicted joint.

To help quell arthritis-related foot pain, the practitioner may manipulate Liver 2, Kidney 3, Bladder 60, Liver 3, Stomach 44, and several points on the ear. Arthritic ankle pain is often treated by inserting needles into Stomach 41, Bladder 60, Gallbladder 40, and additional auricular points.

AcupressureFor rheumatism-related ankle pain, a practitioner will probably target two points: Large Intestine 4 (in the webbing of the hand between the thumb and forefinger) and Bladder 60 (in the depression behind the outside ankle bone). Several points on the foot and on the ankle itself also may be targeted.

Elbow pain may be relieved by massaging LI 11 (toward the outside of the elbow); knee pain will be helped by manipulating several points on and around the knee itself; shoulder pain is best helped by performing acupressure on several points, including Large Intestine 15 and Gallbladder 21; while wrist pain is alleviated by applying pressure to several acupoints on the wrist. In addition, ear acupuncture may be used to help further relieve the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.

Generalized joint pain may be relieved by pressing the two Gallbladder 20 points on the back of the neck.

Chinese Herbal TherapyThere are many Chinese herbal arthritis formulas available at health food stores or by mail order, such as Angelica and Loranthes Combination for lower back and knee pain; Xiao Huo Luo Dan for stiff joints; Feng Shih Hsiao Thng Wan for finger, shoulder, knee, and hip pain associated with rheumatism; and Tian Ma Wan for general rheumatic pain.

Seduction Tips For Women - How to Get the Man You Want

Men are something of a puzzle to most women. If you've ever been attracted to a certain fellow you know that trying to determine what appeals to him isn't easy. All men have their own set of standards when it comes to the women they are attracted to. There are some seduction tips for women that do work with the majority of men. If you really want him to feel hopelessly in love with you, you need to employ a few effective techniques that will knock him off his feet.

Scent has everything to do with grabbing and keeping a man's attention. Most of us do put some thought into the fragrance we wear, but you should also consider where on your body you're applying it. One of the most effective seduction tips for women is to apply your favorite fragrance to a few pulse points on your body that men naturally find appealing. You likely already apply a small amount to your wrists, and behind your ears. Other spots include behind your knees and inside your elbows and ankles. Ensure that you wear the same fragrance each time you see the man you are interested in. You want him to create a strong association between the appeal of the scent and you.

One of the most obvious seduction tips for women is one that most women never employ. You have to be super confident if you want to seduce a man. Even if you don't feel completely confident you need to give the impression you are. This includes being proud of who you are, what you do for a living, and how you look. Never make excuses for your shortcomings. Instead embrace them. Men love this in a woman. They find it irresistible.

All That You Need to Know About Orthopedic Surgery

Orthopedic surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of injuries to the skeletal system. The study includes the various parts of skeletal system like muscles, bones, joints, tendons, nerves and ligaments. Musculoskeletal ailments are the second most common reason for people to seek medical help.

Orthopedic surgeons a great many procedures to fix broken bones and ligaments, surgically remove tumors and work on the functional ability of joints, including perform reconstructive surgery on joints.

Failure of Orthopedic Surgery Procedures

One of the most common reasons for orthopedic surgery procedures to fail is that the tissues being repaired do not hold up against the strain of rebuilding and healing. Examples of these failed procedures include the instances of rebuilding ligaments, non-healing of fractures, recurrent arthritis and recurrence of pain after surgery to heal causes of chronic pain.

One of the other causes of the failure of orthopedic surgery is infections after surgery. Infection is, of course, a common cause of surgical failure after any sort of surgery, but these are more critical in the case of orthopedic surgery. This is because orthopedic procedures commonly involve the use of foreign bodies and metal implements. If these implants are infected, the body's immune system cannot deal with the organisms affecting the implants because these are foreign to the body. If infection sets in after the surgery, the results on the body can be quite disastrous.

The only way to prevent infections during and after surgery is to maintain an antibiotic cover during and after surgery. Signs of infection building up in the body after an orthopedic procedure are a recurrent redness around the site of incision, together with a discharge from the site of the wound.

Another reason that causes the failure of orthopedic surgery procedures is the forming of blood clots. These blood clots occur when the patient has been laid up and stagnant for a long period of time or because of some inflammatory substance or chemical produced at the wound site. Orthopedic surgeries involve an extra risk of blood clots because the nature of the procedures itself makes for reduced movement and increased stagnation. Blood clots that are formed in a limb can be catastrophic if they travel up to the lungs, causing blood flow to cease.

While orthopedic procedures are usually quite safe to undergo, in some cases, complications can show up because of subsidiary reasons, like infections or the formation of blood clots. These can be reduced or eliminated by following a correct and adequate antibiotic protocol and trying to be physically active as soon as possible after the surgery.

There are plenty of orthopedic surgery procedures like knee or joint replacement surgery that can make a significant difference to the quality of life that a patient enjoys. Going in for orthopedic surgeries is not something that can be needlessly risky and can be easily carried on smoothly if some precautions are taken.

Is De Qi Essential To A Therapeutic Effect From Acupuncture?

There are many studies to show that acupuncture can be used effectively in orthopedics cases and for pain management. As students of acupuncture and Oriental medicine, we are eventually faced with a dilemma in our training. Some schools of thought state that "De Qi," or the arrival of qi at the acupuncture point must be obtained in order to have a therapeutic effect. Systems such as Traditional Chinese Medicine-style of acupuncture posit that it is essential and others such as Kiiko Matsumoto's style of Japanese acupuncture claim that it is not necessary. How can there be so much difference in opinion and whose school of thought can be believed?

The concept of "De Qi" is taught in acupuncture schools throughout California. In his book The Art of Acupuncture Techniques (a book on the list of required texts for the California Acupuncture Licensing Exam), Robert Johns discusses "De Qi" as follows, "Needling response (de qi) is typified by increased feeling of tightness or heaviness around the needle. It is described as a fish hooked on a line, jumping up and down, floating and deep. The patient's response to the arrival of qi may be light or very slow in coming. When the qi comes late or takes a long time to arrive, it indicates that the patient is weak and that overall response to treatment will be slow.

The strong patient experiences a quick arrival of qi. When the qi comes quickly the therapeutic results also are quick. Slow arrival of qi or a weak response can also indicate incorrect depth of needling or wrong placement of the needle. The importance of the arrival of qi cannot be overstated: in order to apply the desired technique there must first be arrival of qi, or needling response."1 It is generally accepted that the action of a given acupuncture point is assured only when needling is accompanied by "De Qi."

I recently came across a study that caused my eyebrows to rise a bit. It is regarding whether or not "De Qi" is necessary in treatment response to acupuncture in pain treatments.2 I am specializing in the treatment of chronic pain conditions and am concerned for the comfort of my patients so I became very interested to read this study. The aforementioned study comes out of the University of Southampton School of Health Sciences, Southampton, UK. The object of this study was to assess the importance of the strength of "De Qi" on the outcome of acupuncture treatments for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. The interventions used in this study included real acupuncture, Streitberger needle and mock electrical stimulation on 140 patients.

The relevant outcomes were pain reduction (they used a visual analog scale to assess) and the Park needling sensation questionnaire. The results showed that a) there was no significant correlation between the strength of "De Qi" and improvement of pain and b) that there was no significant difference in pain relief from those who felt "De Qi" and those who did not. The study concludes, "These data suggest that the presence and intensity of de qi has no effect on the pain relief obtained for patients with OA [osteoarthritis]. This result may have implications for both acupuncture treatment and for future trial methodology."

This eye-opening experience has caused me to focus more on my patient's comfort level than that of obtaining "De Qi" to ensure therapeutic effect with acupuncture treatment.

A New Medieval Treatment For Knee Osteoarthritis

It sounds like something out of medieval times. Using leeches to treat every disease and condition known to man. But as it turns out leeches are actually very powerful for treating a wide variety of ailments including knee osteoarthritis.

Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that results in the breakdown of the cartilage between the joints in the knees. This leads to pain, loss of range of motion and bone damage. There appears to be several origins of knee osteoarthritis including joint deformity, repeated injury, or excess weight. There is no cure for osteoarthritis so the focus is on treatments for the pain and reduction of continued damage to the joint.

And this is where leeches come in. Leeches secrete morphine, a potent pain killer. Leeches also secrete an anticoagulant which improves blood flow to the area where the leeches are applied and an anti-inflammatory. Since inflammation is responsible for the symptoms of osteoarthritis, researchers believe that leeches might relieve pain in patients with osteoarthritis.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classify leeches as medical devices and has approved them for microsurgery. The FDA is also involved in the regulation of the transport and sale of leeches. In Germany there has been an estimated 70,000 treatments a year over the last few years with four to five used for each treatment. Most of these treatments have been aimed at pain reduction in knee osteoarthritis.

Several studies have been conducted regarding the use of leeches for treating knee osteoarthritis.

One study, reported in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, focused on 16 patients with an average age 68. These patients had experienced persistent knee pain for more than six months. None had suffered any knee injuries and all had x-ray evidence of osteoarthritis. These patients were already treating their knee osteoarthritis with physical therapy, relaxation, diet and exercise.

In this study, part of the group was provided traditional treatment and the rest were treated with leeches. Four leeches were applied to the knee for 80 minutes. Pain levels were measured three days before and 28 day after the treatment. The results were rapid. Treatment with leeches resulted in pain relief after three days and continued through the 28 day test period. The patients who received traditional treatment did not experience relief. There were no side effects noted from the leeches and the patients reported that the initial leech bite was mildly painful.

A larger study was conducted involving 51 patients age 40 and above with knee osteoarthritis with high pain. Four to six leeches were applied to the affected knee and were allowed to remain until they detached themselves, which took about 70 minutes. Then the patients rested the knee for 12 hours. Researchers then measured the patients' pain, stiffness and range of motion after 3, 7, 28, and 91 days.

The results were similar to the smaller study. The patients receiving leech therapy reported less pain, less stiffness, better function, and fewer total osteoarthritis symptoms through the full 91 days that the researchers followed them.

These studies give hope for alternative treatments of knee osteoarthritis for reducing pain and increasing mobility. In order to properly validate these studies additional research needs to be conducted over a longer period of time. But it appears that leeches do provide relief to knee osteoarthritis sufferers.

Preparing Your Dog For Airplane Travel

Thousands of dogs fly every year. If they could talk; the majority of them would get down on their knees to beg their owners never to force them to repeat the experience.

Unless your dog is small enough to be crated and tucked under your seat, where you have complete control, he or she will be flying in the cargo hold. This is an extremely traumatic experience for many dogs. Some stress out so much, they don't survive it. Others, have such a negative association, it at times causes serious behavioral problems, mainly abandonment issues.

Suggestions to prepare your dog for their flight are:

1. ACCLIMATE YOUR DOG TO THEIR CRATE: If your dog is not crate trained, several weeks before the trip, purchase a crate to allow them to get accustom to it. Place small treats and toys inside, feed them in it, and allow them to sleep in it. They must associate the crate with good things. Leave the door open.

2. MOTION: Once your dog is comfortable with being in the crate, close the crate door while they are in it. If the crate is small, pick it up with the dog inside and carry it around. If it is too large to lift, gently slide it around. Reassure your dog that everything is 'OK'. Repeat this as often as needed. This will help reduce some of the stress of what they will encounter at the airport.

3. MOTION: To prepare your dog for some of the motion they will experience, take them for rides in the car, while they are crated. Start with short car rides; gradually increase the length of time.

4. NOISE: To desensitize your dog to some of the unfamiliar noises they will be experiencing, make a tape of airplane engine sounds and severe weather. Begin playing them softly, and slowly as your dog adjusts, increase the volume, until your dog no longer pays attention to it. Airport and airplane noises can be deafening, and extremely disturbing to many dogs.

5. SEDATION: If you sense your dog is too frighten by the above, or if they suffer from motion sickness, speak to your veterinarian about a mild sedative. You will just need enough to take the edge off, not knock them out completely! For some dogs, a motion sickness medication is just enough to take care of both problems.

6. IDENTIFICATION: If your dog is not micro chipped, now is the time to do it! Also make you have updated ID tags on your dog, with emergency contact address and phone numbers...including one with the address and phone number of your destination. Place the same information in a non-detachable, waterproof manner on their crate. Remember to remove the vacation destination location on the return trip home. You want only your address and phone number.

7. IMMUNIZATION: Be sure your dog is current on all their required inoculations. Carry those papers with you in your hand luggage. This way you will have their health certificate should the airline require it.

8. LEASH: Carry your dog's leash in your hand luggage. Should there be an extended delay, an overnight delay, or your dog escapes from the crate, you will be glad you have it handy.

9. WITHHOLD FOOD and WATER: Food should be withheld for 6 hours prior to your flight. Water should be with held for 2 hours. Make sure the empty water bottle is attached to the crate, should there be a delay. You may need to inform the airline staff that your dog is in cargo, and will need to be hydrated.

10. NATURE CALL: Prior to crating your dog, allow them enough time to relieve him or her self. Do not rush them! Upon arrival to your final destination, you may find you dog soiled in the crate...be sensitive to what they have just gone through. Consider how many times YOU used a rest room during this flight.

11. DISTRACTIONS: Place one or two of your dog's favorite toys, and blanket in the crate. Also by placing an item of yours, such as a T-shirt you have worn; the scent may give your dog a needed sense of security.

12. NON-STOP FLIGHT: Whenever possible, book a non-stop flight. Trying to make connecting flights is one of the leading causes of dogs being misplaced, put on the wrong plane, or left sitting in the baggage area.

13. TIME OF DAY PREFERRED: Cargo holds are not heated or cooled while the plane is on the ground. To avoid hypothermia or heat exhaustion; in the summer try to fly early in the morning, or in the evening. Remember, most thunderstorms occur in the afternoons, sometimes causing a delay for several hours. In the winter, try to book your flight during daylight hours.

14. INFORM THE FLIGHT CREW: The pilots are usually informed if there is an animal in the cargo hold. However, they have a lot on their minds. Ask a flight attendant to remind the captain, so they can monitor the temperature and air pressure gauges for the cargo hold.

15. AIRPORT DEPARTURE: Arrive at the airport with time to spare. Your dog does not need to sense any more stress than they are already experiencing.

16. AIRPORT DESTINATION: Get your dog BEFORE you get your luggage. Ask if there is a designated area where they are allowed to relieve themselves. Give your dog a small drink...they are most likely dehydrated. Don't let them over do it though...remember their stomach is empty. Give them a special treat. They are hungry, and they earned it! The security and relief your dog will sense simply seeing you, will help them from feeling abandoned. Your luggage can always be replaced.

17. FINAL DESTINATION: Your dog has just had an experience you would not wish for yourself. When you arrive at your final destination, allow them enough time to calm down and adjust to their new location. Remember, they have to repeat this horrendous experience on the return trip home.

Bottom Line: Whenever possible, try to make arrangements for your dog to stay home. Traveling on an airplane is not a pleasant event. Either board them in a reputable boarding facility, where they can make new friends...some even have pet-cams where you can watch on a computer, what your dog is doing all day. Or, find a reliable pet sitter. Your dog will be happiest in his or her own home, on their regular schedule, and you will have the added benefit of having someone watch your home for you.

Varus - What Does This Mean in Osteoarthritis of the Knee?

Doctors have very little time with each patient these days so it pays to be able to speak a little of their language. Of course you should always try and clarify any points you do not understand before making major decisions but this is easier said than done.

'Varus' is a term used by the medical profession to describe joints that form an angle different from the usual. It does not apply only to the knee. Varus means that the part of the body furthest away from the torso is angled towards the midline position. In simple terms, if the knees are described as varus, they are 'Bowlegged'

Varus knees indicate that the arthritis is mainly on the inside of the knee. If the doctor says your knees have become more varus between visits, the degenerative process is progressing.

Due to natural variation, knees come in a range of angles than can still be 'normal' for the individual. What is important is when the angle changes over time. This angulation can begin before the onset of other symptoms such as pain. When knees get to the stage that they require surgery, the good news is that surgeons can correct this angulation (up to a point). It is common for patients to have legs straighter after their operation than they have had for years.

It is also important to note that the initial stages of degeneration can occur very slowly over a number of years. As the disease process progresses however, there can be rapid advances in degeneration in relatively short periods of time with angulation increasing markedly in the knee.

What Is Arthritis of the Knee and How Is It Treated?

The word "arthritis" basically means "inflammation of the joint". Inflammation is the body's natural reaction to injury or disease. With inflammation, the area involved develops stiffness, pain, and swelling and it can last for a long time or recur, leading to tissue damage.

A joint is where two bones join together. The knee is the largest joint of the body. The bones of a joint are covered with a spongy material called cartilage to allow a cushion for the bones so the joint can move without pain. With arthritis, the area in and around the joint becomes inflamed and the cartilage cushion may be damaged, making mobility difficult.

Is There More than One Type of Arthritis?

There are more than one-hundred types of arthritis but the most common type is osteoarthritis. Two other common types include rheumatoid arthritis and gouty arthritis.

Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage covering the bone ends gradually wears away, thus earning it the name "wear-and-tear arthritis." When the cartilage is damaged, the bones begin to rub against each other leading to swelling and pain. Osteoarthritis can occur in any of the joints in the body, but it affects the knee most commonly.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Also called RA, Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-lasting disease that leads to deformities and destruction of the joints. It most commonly involves the knees, wrists, and hands. With rheumatoid arthritis, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks itself causing the joint lining to swell and ache. The inflammation associated with RA spreads to the surrounding tissues and will eventually damage bone and cartilage. This leads to an unstable joint, pain with movement, and profound stiffness.

Gouty Arthritis: Gout is a painful condition of the joints where the body cannot eliminate uric acid or produces too much uric acid. This natural substance builds up and forms needle-like crystals in the joint leading to severe pain and swelling. Gouty arthritis most often affects the big toe, but can involve other joints including the knee and the wrist joints.

What Are the Symptoms of Arthritis?

The various kinds of arthritis produce different symptoms and it really depends on the severity from person-to-person. The most common symptoms are swelling, pain, stiffness, tenderness, warmth of the joint, and redness.

How Is Arthritis Diagnosed?

Most forms of arthritis are diagnosed with a complete medical history and various imaging techniques. Your orthopedic specialist will take X-rays or MRIs to evaluate the condition of your joints. Sometimes it is necessary for your doctor to do tests on your blood, urine, and joint fluid to determine the type of arthritis you have.

How is Knee Arthritis Treated?

Your orthopedic specialist cares about your health so the goal of treatment is to provide pain relief for you and to increase your mobility and strength in the knee joint. Treatment options include exercises, medications, heat compresses, cold therapy, or knee surgery.

What is Involved in Surgical Treatment?

If your arthritis does not respond to the nonsurgical therapies your orthopedic specialist tries, you may benefit from surgery. There are many surgical options available. The first is knee arthroscopy where the orthopedic surgeon uses fiber optic technology to view inside the joint, repair what is damaged, and perform necessary surgical techniques.

Another procedure is an osteotomy that cuts the shinbone or the thighbone to improve the alignment of the joint. Sometimes it is necessary for the doctor to do a total or partial knee arthroplasty to replace the severely damaged knee joint cartilage with plastic and metal prostheses. Finally, there is cartilage grafting that is done when the knee has limited cartilage or loss of cartilage.

Arthritis Knee Pain - What Can You Do?

When you are suffering from arthritis knee pain, you know how painful it can be just to stand up or sit down on a chair, walk up or down stairs, or ride a bike. With arthritis knee pain, you might be more comfortable sitting in the same position for a long time. Unfortunately, this is not the best idea if you want to relieve the pain in your knee.

Sitting stationary for long period of time can cause arthritis to get worse. It is important that you continue to use the joints that are causing you pain, or they can only get worse. Luckily, there are many other things you can do to help relieve the pain and build up the joint.

Exercise the joints regularly. From a sitting position, practice extending your leg and straightening it in front of you, and then lowering it back down slowly. It may hurt, but it is good for the joint so that you do not lose your range of movement even more than you have already.

Take a great supplement like Family VitaHealth bone and joint relief, and you will be able to relieve a lot of the pain while still being able to help repair the joint. This supplement has many valuable ingredients in it that can help build up bone and joint tissue, so that you feel a lot less pain in the long run.

You may want to try changing your diet. By ensuring that your body has everything it needs to repair damaged tissues, your arthritis can become increasingly better.

Arthritis knee pain can be extremely painful, but it is important to push through that pain so that you do not lose your range of movement. If you want to improve your life, follow the tips above.

Treatment Guidelines to Recover Faster After Your Total Knee Replacement Surgery

Total knee replacement (TKR) surgery is usually performed after conservative treatment options have been exhausted for arthritis or joint degeneration following injury or wear and tear. Every year in the US alone, over 300,000 TKR are performed. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, this number is expected to increase by 525% by year 2030.

Some general guidelines to keep in mind following your surgery to facilitate your rehabilitation process.

--Expect pain for 8-12 weeks following surgery - use the pain medications prescribed by your MD. Ice, exercise, and keeping the weight off the knee will help too.

--Avoid excessive walking for the first two months. Contrary to popular belief, walking more is not going to help you heal faster. Your knees are a load-bearing joint and you just had a major surgery. The more you load the joint by walking and standing, the more it will get irritated and inflamed. The more the inflammation - the more swelling - the less your local muscles around your joint will work. Especially the quadriceps, which tends to shut down and atrophy. So walk for FUNCTION...walk short distances and don't get the knee irritated.

--Use your walker for the first two months. It will help you keep the load off the joint and allow healing to take place faster.

--Focus on exercises in non-weight bearing position - laying on your back or sitting (consult your physical therapist).

--Stationary bike can be a good option - once you have adequate bend in the knee.

--Ice 4-5 times a day and elevate your leg to keep the swelling and inflammation under control.

--See your physical therapist as soon as your orthopedic surgeon allows you to start physical therapy after the surgery.

--Remember it is your knee. If you don't take responsibility and do your exercises or follow recommendations by your MD or physical therapist - you are the one who might suffer or have to live with a problematic knee. It can take up to 1 year for the knee to heal after the surgery and for you to get back to all your activities. This may vary from person to person.

Focus on maintaining good health throughout this process to help your body heal properly. Be patient with yourself and work diligently.

This information is for education purposes only. Please consult your physician, physical therapist or wellness practitioner before starting any rehabilitation, wellness or fitness program.

5 Best Countries for Medical Tourism

Planning for a relaxing vacation but not sure if you can keep up with the expenses because of that nose job you've been saving up for? Well, fortunately you can have both with the added bonus of saving yourself tons of money. "Medical Tourism" is the answer you've been looking for.

Medical Tourism has been a rising trend. Promoted by the plastic surgery industry in highly developed countries like the US, procedures are performed in facilities in other nations where the costs are significantly lower. Patients get the benefit of quality procedures along with a plane ticket, hotel room, and fun tourism opportunities - all this for the same price you would pay for a just the surgery alone in the United States.

For those that are convinced of the many advantages and opportunities in Medical Tourism, here are your 5 best options:

1. Hungary - Neighboring Europeans have been crossing over to this nation for years to get a dose of their state-of-the-art medical technology. Visiting Westerners can take advantage of dental procedures at half the price of what they would pay at home.

2. Thailand - Plastic surgeons and enthusiasts have Thailand's King Bhumipol's father, Prince Mahidol to thank for the country's medical systems, prided as one of the world's best. Phuket is acclaimed around the world for its excellent results in procedures like otoplasty (reshaping of the ear to correct deformities or to simply improve appearance) and blepharoplasty (procedure to lessen drooping of the eyelids). All this is a result of the prince's life-long goal to provide good quality and affordable medical services to citizens.

3. South Africa - Specializing in "medical safaris", you get the chance to see lions, elephants, alligators and many more all in their natural habitat. Doubting South Africa's medical abilities? The fact that the first human heart transplant was successfully performed in this African nation in the 60's should be enough to pacify any aesthetically challenged patient's worries.

4. Egypt - The land once ruled by Cleopatra has more than pyramids and camel rides to offer. Egypt offers surgeries priced up to 60 - 70% lower than in the US or UK. A thigh reduction procedure that costs up to $2000 in the US, will only set you back a mere $260 in Egypt.

5. Malaysia - You can get a face lift, cataract removal and even a knee replacement all for excellent quality and a very reasonable price. You can spend your days recovering in absolute relaxation on the shores of this "Truly Asian" country's beautiful beaches.

Now that you know some of the best countries to get cosmetic work done, it's now time to pack up your bags and board the next plane to self-beautification.

Bloodless Surgery for Hip and Knee Replacements

A total hip or knee replacement is an operation to replace worn or damaged parts of a hip or knee joint. The surfaces of the diseased joint are removed and replaced with a mechanical, artificial joint that is called a prosthesis. This surgery can relieve the pain and stiffness patients with damaged hip or knee joints often experience. When more conservative treatments like medication can no longer relieve the pain and disability, orthopedic doctors will typically encourage the patient to consider having a total hip or knee replacement.

Hip and knee replacement surgery has evolved in recent years to become a much less invasive procedure. Blood management and bloodless medicine techniques have made it possible for patients to receive a total hip or knee replacement without the need for a blood transfusion. Eliminating the need for a blood transfusion during any surgery reduces the risk for contracting diseases and infections while also providing a speedier recovery time.

The Normal Knee Joint -

The knee is a hinge joint where the end of the thigh bone (femur) meets the beginning of the large bone in the lower leg (tibia). A healthy knee has smooth cartilage that covers the ends of the femur and tibia. The smooth cartilage between the knee joint serves as a cushion, permitting the bones to glide smoothly as the knee bends. The muscles and ligaments around the knee joint support a person's weight and help move the joint smoothly so that running, walking, sitting, standing and other movements involving the knees are possible without pain.

The Degenerated Knee Joint -

The smooth cartilage layers can wear down on the ends of the femur and tibial side of the knee. This degeneration can happen because of arthritis, an injury, or as a side effect from medicines, such as steroids. When the joint wears down, the smooth surfaces become rough and irritated like sandpaper. Instead of the joint gliding when the leg moves, the bones grind causing pain and/or stiffness. When pain in the knee or leg prevents a person from performing normal activities and an x-ray shows irregular surfaces at the knee, a doctor might suggest a knee replacement.

The Normal Hip Joint -

The hip is a ball and socket joint where the thigh bone (femur) meets the pelvis (hip bone). A healthy hip has layers of smooth cartilage that cover the ball shaped end of the femur and socket part of the pelvis. The cartilage acts as a cushion and allows the ball of the femur to glide easily within the socket of the pelvis. The muscles around the joint support a person's weight and help move the joint smoothly so that walking, running and other movements are possible without pain.

The Degenerated Hip Joint -

The smooth cartilage layers can wear down on the ball of the femur and within the pelvic socket. This is called degeneration. It can happen because of arthritis, injury, or as a side effect from medicines, such as steroids. When the joint wears down, the smooth surfaces become rough and irritated like sandpaper. Instead of gliding smoothly with leg movement, the ball grinds in the socket causing pain and stiffness, which causes decreased movement.

With a new knee replacement (also called arthroplasty) and the help of a skilled orthopedic team, patients may be able to resume some of the activities they once enjoyed. Due to modern medical advances, including arthroscopic surgical techniques and blood management programs, patients will often stand and begin walking the day after surgery. Patients initially walk with a walker, or crutches then a cane. Most patients have some temporary pain after joint replacement, as the tissues heal and muscles regain strength. This pain should go away in a few weeks or months. Eventually, patients may be able to go on long walks, dance, play golf, garden and ride a bicycle. Total joint replacement has an excellent track record for improving quality of life, allowing greater independence and reducing pain. Nationally, more than half a million total joint replacements are performed each year.

The Role of Blood Management -

Blood management techniques, including bloodless surgery methods, can play a large role in having a knee replacement surgery. Many modern hip and knee replacements involve the use of arthroscopic surgery techniques. These techniques are minimally invasive and involve many of the principles of bloodless medicine.

Another advantage of blood management and the field of bloodless medicine is the ability for a patient to decline having a blood transfusion. A blood transfusion is the infusion of blood or blood parts/components into a vein.

Like any surgery, a hip or knee replacement may require a blood transfusion. However, a blood transfusion is only necessary when a patient's body does not have enough blood cells to work properly. By applying blood management and conservation techniques during surgery, an orthopedic surgeon can eliminate the need for a transfusion.

Patients may wish to avoid having blood transfusions for a number of reasons. Below are a few benefits of having a hip or knee replacement with bloodless surgery:

• Quicker recovery times


• Reduced risk of disease or infection


• Reduced risk of allergic reaction during surgery

Some patients also request a bloodless surgery without the use of a blood transfusion for religious beliefs.

For more information about hip and knee replacements, including bloodless surgery and blood management options for these procedures, contact your local healthcare system. Blood medicine programs are becoming available at more hospitals every year.

Total Knee Replacement Surgery Abroad

One of the ways that some people are looking to cut the overwhelming medical costs or extensive waiting lists (in Canada or the U.K.) is by looking abroad for total knee replacement surgery in India or Mexico. The typical cost for a total knee replacement surgery in India is around $7,000. Compared to U.S. costs, that is very reasonable. How do you go about investigating a total knee replacement surgery in Mexico or India, for example?

There is the old standby of asking around to your co-workers, your family, or acquaintances. Statistically, you will either know someone or be connected to someone who has had surgery abroad. Their experiences can be a testimonial about the care they received, but it is ultimately hearsay. Unless your friend, family member or personal source happens to be a medical professional, their testimony about a total knee replacement surgery in Mexico or india is going to lack important information about the technology being used, the sanitation procedures, and the competence of the staff.

Then there is the seemingly omniscient internet. Without a doubt, it serves a vital function in the distribution of vast amounts of information. It does have certain drawbacks. Unlike the New England Journal of Medicine or the British Medical Journal, the internet is not a peer-reviewed source. Its greatest strength, the ability of almost anyone to acquire a website, is also its greatest weakness. In a situation in which anyone can post virtually anything, most information becomes suspect. Nonetheless, a keyword search on "total knee replacement surgery in India or mexico" or "total knee replacement surgery in Mexico or india" can provide you with a starting place in your search.

If you do choose the internet as your primary search tool, make sure to use due caution. At the very least verify your information from multiple sources. Hospitals are like any other business and will work to put the best foot forward. The only way to be sure that the facility you choose overseas is a safe environment is to make sure that it has JCI accreditation.

The JCI or Joint Commission International, an international accrediting body for medical facilities that has been approved by the International Society for Quality in Health Care, maintains a listing of accredited facilities.

The simplest and probably best way to find safe facilities overseas is to employ the services of Medical Travel Facilitation group. These businesses find facilities and make arrangements with them to provide services such as total knee replacement surgery in facilities in either india or Mexico to prospective clients. They will often assist in dealing with the paperwork and travel arrangements prior to the surgery. Again, it is best to employ some due diligence and make sure the facilities these facilitators work with have JCI accreditation.